Germanium (Ge) - Element 32 | Properties & Electron Configuration
What is Germanium?
Germanium (Ge) is element 32, a metalloid in period 4, group 14. Its electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p².
| Atomic Number | 32 |
| Symbol | Ge |
| Atomic Mass | 72.63 u |
| Category | Metalloid |
| Period | 4 |
| Group | 14 |
| Block | p |
| Electron Configuration | 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p² |
| Short Config | [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p² |
| Electronegativity | 2.01 |
| Atomic Radius | 122 pm |
| Ionization Energy | 762 kJ/mol |
| Electron Affinity | 119 kJ/mol |
| Phase (STP) | Solid |
Electron Configuration
The full electron configuration of Germanium is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p². In noble gas shorthand, this is written as [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p².
Germanium is a p-block element in group 14, period 4.
Periodic Trends
Electronegativity: Germanium has a Pauling electronegativity of 2.01. Within group 14, electronegativity generally decreases down the group.
Atomic Radius: 122 pm. Across period 4, atomic radius generally decreases left to right as nuclear charge increases.
Ionization Energy: 762 kJ/mol. Ionization energy generally increases across a period and decreases down a group.
View all 118 elements with trend overlays for electronegativity, atomic radius, ionization energy, and electron affinity.
Explore Germanium on the Interactive Periodic TableRelated Topics
Carbon (C)
Properties of Carbon - same group as Germanium
Silicon (Si)
Properties of Silicon - same group as Germanium
Tin (Sn)
Properties of Tin - same group as Germanium
Potassium (K)
Properties of Potassium - same period as Germanium
Calcium (Ca)
Properties of Calcium - same period as Germanium
Scandium (Sc)
Properties of Scandium - same period as Germanium