Is Chlorine Gas (Cl2) Ionic or Covalent?

Is Chlorine Gas (Cl2) ionic or covalent?

Cl2 is a homonuclear diatomic molecule with a pure covalent bond. Identical atoms share electrons equally with zero EN difference.

FormulaCl2
NameChlorine Gas
Bond TypeNonpolar Covalent
EN ValuesCl: 3.16, Cl: 3.16
EN Difference0
Electron BehaviorEqual sharing
Melting Point-101 C (low)
ConductivityDoes not conduct electricity
SolubilitySlightly soluble in water
Key ConceptPure covalent bond in a homonuclear diatomic

Overview

Chlorine gas exists as Cl2 molecules. Two identical chlorine atoms share one pair of electrons.

Electronegativity Analysis

Both atoms are Cl with EN 3.16. The EN difference is 0.0, making this a perfectly nonpolar bond.

Electron Behavior

Electrons are shared equally between the two identical atoms. No partial charges develop.

Physical Properties

Cl2 is a gas at room temperature with a low boiling point (-34 C). It has only London dispersion forces between molecules.

See electronegativity values, partial charges, and bond character on interactive 3D molecules.

Visualize Chlorine Gas's Bonding in 3D

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